what is the use of fishing rods? can we use them for catching pokemon at waterfall? how can we do that?

For the Fishing Contest, you can find it under GC - Fishing Contest.
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can we catch pokemon from waterfall or any other maps using it?

No, I don't think so. You could find Water-type pokemons on land already anyway.

I just don't see the difference between Old Rods, Good Rods and Super Rods though.

if we can't catch pokemon using rods on maps, then i see rods as useless. there should be a way of catching pokemon on maps using rods.

you can only use Poke , ultra , great , master balls on maps to catch the pokemon

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the only use of a rishing rod if for the fishing contest go there and read the rules you could get 250 coins by the end of the day if u win

You can use Fishing rods to Participate in the fishing contest in game corner. I suggest you use a Super rod To get a higher chance to get something good